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Present perfect and the simple past

39 The present perfect and the simple past

(a) Fill the spaces by repeating the auxiliary used in the question, putting into the negative when necessary.

(b) Put the verb in brackets into the present perfect or the simple past tense. Have you seen that play?

Have you seen the play?

(a)   Yes I… Yes I have

(b)   Yes I ( be) there last night. Yes I was there last night

1 Have you wound the clock?

(a) Yes I …

(b) Yes I (wind) it Monday.

2 Have you ever eaten snails?

(a) No, I …

(b) Yes I (eat) some at Tom’s party last week.

3 Has she fed the dog?

(a) Yes, I think she…

(b) Yes, she ( feed) him before luch

4 Have they repaired the road?

(a) No, they…

(b) No, they only (repair) part of it.

5 Have they done their homework?

(a) Yes, they (do) it all.

(b) Yes, they (do) it before they left school.

 6 Have you found the matches?

(a) No, I . . .

(b) No, I (not find) them yet.

7 Have you made the coffee?

(a) Yes, I ...

(b) I (make) some yesterday: we can use that.

8 Have you been here before?

(a) No, I ...

(b) Yes, I (be) here several times.

9 Have you seen him lately?

(a) No, I . . .

(b) No, I (not see) him since Christmas.

10 Have you been to the opera this week ?

(a) Yes, I . . . week?

(b) Yes, I (go) to Faust on Friday.

11 Have you ever driven this car?

(a) Yes, I (drive) it once or twice.

(b) Yes, I (drive) it when you were away.

12 Has he missed his train?

(a) No, he ....

(b) Yes, he . . . It (go) five minutes ago.

13 Have they been through Customs?

(a) Yes, they . . .

(b) Yes, their luggage (be) examined at Dover.

14 Has he spoken to her?

(a) Yes, he . . .

(b) Yes, he (speak) to her on Friday.

15 Have you spent all your money?

(a) No, I only (spend) half of it.

(b) Yes, 1...

16 How much have you saved

(a) I (not save) anything. since Christmas?

(b) I (save) $ 3.

17 Has his temperature gone down?

(a) No, it . . .

(b) Yes, it (go) down last night.

40

Put the verbs in brackets into the present perfect or the simple past tense. In some sentences the present perfect continuous (PEG 190) is also possible.

1 This is my house. ~ How long you (live) here? ~ I (live) here since 1970.

2 He (live) in London for two years and then (go) to Edinburgh.

3 You (wear) your hair long when you were at school? ~ Yes, my mother (insist) on it.

4 But when I (leave) school I (cut) my hair and (wear) it short ever since.

5 Shakespeare (write) a lot of plays.

6 My brother ( write several ) plays. He just (finish) his second tragedy.

7 I (fly) over Loch Ness last week. ~ You (see) the Loch Ness monster?

8 I (not see) him for three years. I wonder where he is.

9 He (not smoke) for two weeks. He is trying to give it up.

10 Chopin (compose) some of his music in Majorca.

11 When he (arrive)? ~ He (arrive) at 2.00.

12 You (lock) the door before you left the house?

13 I (read) his books when I was at school. I (enjoy) them very much.

14 I can't go out because I (not finish) my work.

15 I never (drink) whisky. ~ Well, have some now.

16 I (write) the letter but I can't find a stamp.

17 The clock is slow. ~ It isn't slow, it (stop).

18 Here are your shoes; I just (clean) them.

19 I (leave) home at 8.00 and (get) here at twelve.

20 I (do) this sort of work when I (be) an apprentice.

21 He just (go) out.

22 He (go) out ten minutes ago.

23 You (have) breakfast yet? ~ Yes, I (have) it at 8.00. 24 I (meet) him last June.

25 You (see) the moon last night?

26 The concert (begin) at 2.30 and (last) for two hours. Everyone (enjoy) it very much. 27 The play just (begin). You are a little late.

28 The newspaper (come)? ~ Yes, Ann is reading it.

29 The actors (arrive) yesterday and (start) rehearsals early this morning.

30 It (be) very cold this year. I wonder when it is going to get warmer. 31 Cervantes (write) Don Quixote.

32 We (miss) the bus. Now we'll have to walk.

33 He (break) his leg in a skiing accident last year.

34 Mr Pound is the bank manager. He (be) here for five years.

35 Mr Count (work) as a cashier for twenty-five years. Then he (retire) and (go) to live in the country.

36 You (be) here before? ~ Yes, I (spend) my holidays here last year. ~ You (have) a good time? ~ No, it never (stop) raining.

41 The present perfect and the simple past

PEG 175-7,182-9 (sol page 111)

Put the verbs in brackets into the present perfect or simple past tense. Fill the spaces by repeating the auxiliary used in the preceding verb. You (see) Mary on Monday? ~ Yes, I... Did you see Mary on Monday?' Yes, I did.

1 Where is Tom?I (not see) him today, but he (tell) Mary that he'd be in for dinner.

2 I (buy) this in Bond Street. ~ How much you (pay) for it? ~

I (pay) Ј100.

3 Where you (find) this knife? ~ I (find) it in the garden. ~ Why you (not leave) it there?

4 I (lose) my black gloves. You (see) them anywhere? ~ No, I'm afraid 1.... When you last (wear) them? ~ I (wear) them at the theatre last night. ~ Perhaps you (leave) them at the theatre.

5 Do you know that lady who just (leave) the shop? ~ Yes, that is Miss Thrift. Is she a customer of yours? ~ Not exactly. She (be) in here several times but she never (buy) anything.

6 He (leave) the house at 8.00. ~ Where he (go)? ~ I (not see) where he (go).

7 He (serve) in the First World War. ~ When that war (begin)? ~ It (begin) in 1914 and (last) for four years.

8 Who you (vote) for at the last election? ~ I (vote) for Mr Pitt. ~ He (not be) elected, (be) he? ~ No, he (lose) his deposit.

9 You (like) your last job? ~ I (like) it at first but then I (quarrel) with my employer and he (dismiss) me. ~ How long you (be) there? ~ I (be) there for two weeks.

10 I (not know) that you (know) Mrs Pitt. How long you (know) her? ~ I (know) her for ten years.

11 That is Mr Minus, who teaches me mathematics, but he (not have) time to teach me much. I only (be) in his class for a week.

12 You (hear) his speech on the radio last night? ~ Yes, I . . . ~ What you (think) of it? 13 I (not know) that you (be) here. You (be) here long? ~ Yes, I (be) here two months. ~ You (be) to the Cathedral? ~ Yes, I (go) there last Sunday.

Interrogando e negando

Você precisa negar e interrogar com um verbo auxiliar, SEMPRE.
Ou seja, com a maioria dos verbos você precisa.
Isto ocorre apenas nos tempos simples, ja que nos compostos você se ajuda de um auxiliar.

Verbos auxiliares invariávels. Ver exemplos de uso abaixo*
can, could, may, might, will, would, must, shall, should

Verbos auxiliares variávels:

to be (variaciões is, are,am/ was were)

to have ( has/ had)

to do ( does/ did)

O to be é usado
1 nas formas progressivas antes do gerûndio. As formas progressivas nunca terminaram de ocorrer, seja presente ou passado:

I am fishing. Eu estou pescando. 
We were dancing. Nós estávamos balando.

2 nas formas passivas antes do participio passado ( -ado- ido)

The garbage is picked up.O lixo é recolhido.
to have tem dois usos, ter e haver. Significando possuir , originalmente se dizía 'ter conseguido' to have+  got :

I have (got) a dog. Tenho um cachorro. Na prâtica pode achar assim:

I have a dog : I 've got a dog  . Nessa última você apenas vai ouvir o 've: I got a dog


Porém nas perguntas vai ver tanto do you have? ( americano) quanto Have you got ( británicos)

Finalmente o verbo do é tanto fazer como aquele verbo auxiliar do que você precisa para toda pergunta em tempo simples presente e passado:

Você come amendoins?  Do you eat peanuts?

Você viu ao Tom ontem? Did you see Tom yesterday?



* Auxiliares invariávels exemplos.
can, could, may, might, will, would, must, shall, should

Olhe que uma negativa ou interrogativa nem sempre equivalem ao expressado na afirmativa.

-I can go to the beach. Eu posso ir à praia. (Tenho como, da para eu ir) 
Can  I go? Tenho permissao para ir?

-I could go to the beach. Dependendo do contexto eu podería ou podía ir.

-I may go to the beach. Dependendo do contexto Talvez vou ir.
(May I go? Tenho permissao ? I am allowed Eu tenho permissao )

-I might go to the beach. Poderia ser que eu fosse, mas eu acho que não mesmo. Chance remota!

-I will help you Vou te ajudar e quero te ajudar ambas coisas

-I won't help you. Nem vou nem quero te ajudar.
will you help me? Por favor me ajuda?

-I would help if I could Eu gostaria de ajudá-lo se eu pudesse
Would you sign here, please? Quer assinar aqui por favor?

-You must go at once. Você deve ir na hora  (Compare : You are to go = Você tem que ir ( eu estou fora da ordem) .
You mustn't go. Você nao deve ir ou eu proibo você ir. (Compare You aren't to go: Alguem que proibiu mas eu estou fora)

-You shall die .você morrerá, eu te amaldiçoo ou te condeno ou te juro que vas morrer
Shall I open the window ? devo abrir a janela? Você quer que eu abra?
Shall we dance? Vamos dançar?

 He should call his sister. Ele deveria ligar para a irmã dele.


No passado ( pode/deve/deveria etc ...ter sido/feito/etc), esses verbos precisam do have entre eles e o participio passado


The woman you saw can't have been Amy Winehouse, she is dead. A mulher que você viu não pode ter sido Amy Winehouse, ela está morta.